Friday, November 22, 2013

Exchange Server 2007 Interview Questions & Answers

Microsoft Exchange Server 2007 Interview Questions & Answers

21. How Messages Get to Exchange from the Internet?
To follow the flow of messages in an Exchange 2007 environment with all of the various
Server roles, the following flow occurs:
  • An incoming message from the Internet first goes to the Edge Transport server.
  • The Edge Transport server performs first-level recipient validation as well as spam and virus filtering. The message is then passed on to the Hub Transport server.
  • The Hub Transport server performs compliance content assessment and then looks at the internal routing for messages and forwards the message to another Hub Transport server or directly to a Mailbox server.
  • The Mailbox server places the incoming message into the user’s mailbox and notifies the user that a message has arrived.
  • The user launches Outlook, OWA, their Windows Mobile device, or another client System and connects to the Client Access server. The Client Access server confirms the destination point of the user’s mailbox and provides the user access to their mailbox data.
  • In parallel, if a voice mail message comes in for a user, the Unified Messaging server processes the incoming voice message, and then takes the message and places the voice message into the user’s mailbox residing on the Mailbox server for the recipient.

22. What is Mail Exchange Record?
A mail exchange (MX) specifies a mail forwarder or delivery server for SMTP servers. MX records are the cornerstone of a successful Internet mail routing strategy.

23. File structures in exchange server 2007?
.CHK – check point file, keeps track of which transactional logs moves into database files. Keep on check the log file entering the database in a current order
.LOG - 2 types of transactional logs –
  • Current Transactional log – eoo.log file which write the current transactions into transactional logs. If it reaches 1 MB, it will rename the log file into E00000001.log
  • Transactional log – If Current Transactional log reaches 1 MB , it will rename the log file into E00000001.log

.EDB – Stores the database files
Temp.EDB – Temporary database file, which will process the transactional logs that are to be to write in .EDB Database file
.JRS – Reserved Log files – if the size of the disk is full and you can’t write any mails as transactional logs these files will help into action

24. Explain the difference between Exchange Management shell and windows Power shell?
The Exchange Management Shell is based on Microsoft Power Shell, which provides access to all .NET objects and classes. When the administrator installs Exchange Server 2007, the setup program automatically installs the .NET Framework and Power Shell. It also installs all the Exchange 2007 specific cmdlets.
The cmdlets were written by the Exchange 2007 team to perform Exchange-specific tasks.
There are over 350 cmdlets unique to Exchange and each cmdlet has its own set of help.

25. What is Viruses or Trojan horse messages?
Viruses have existed in the computer world long before the first email message was sent. However, just as email provides users with an easy method of communication, it also is an extremely efficient method of spreading malicious or troublesome code. Once considered the largest problem that email administrators had to face, viruses have been combated by an entire industry devoted to their prevention.

26. What is Spam?
The proliferation of unsolicited messages, often referred to as “spam” mail, has truly become the bane of the messaging world with recent estimates stating that spam accounts for 85%–90% of the messaging traffic on the Internet today. These unsolicited, usually unwanted, and often offensive advertisements cost companies and users billions of dollars annually in lost time and productivity. Unfortunately, because sending bulk messages to thousands (or millions) of recipients can be accomplished with very little expense, offending companies do not need a large response to maintain profitability. It is sad to note that as long as this method of advertising is profitable and effective, spam will be with us to stay. Fortunately, Exchange 2007 has several features to help alleviate the problem.

27. What is Address spoofing?
One tool that is commonly used by the distributors of both viruses and spam is known as address spoofing. By changing the From line in a Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) message, users can often be fooled into opening a message that they think is from a friend or co-worker, only to find that the message originated somewhere else entirely. This method has been especially effective in the distribution of email worms. Because the message appears to come from a known associate, and often has an intriguing Subject line, the unwitting recipient opens the message and, if not properly protected, becomes a distributor of the virus to others.

28. What is Phishing?
Over the past several years, a relatively new type of fraudulent email has emerged. Known as phishing, this attack comes in the form of an official looking email message, often appearing to be from a reputable organization, such as a credit card company or a large electronics retailer. The message usually contains a link that, once clicked, brings up an official looking website—often an exact replica of the official site that is being mimicked. However, the fraudulent site has one purpose, to fool you into giving away personal information, such as passwords, credit card numbers, or Social Security numbers. With this information in hand, the offending party can steal your identity, make charges to your credit card, or otherwise profit from your loss.
29. What are the planning considerations in installing Edge transport Server?
  • Edge Transport Should not be included in Active Directory
  • Should be installed in a Standalone Server
  • Edge Transport Should not be Part of the domain
  • ADAM Should be installed
  • Prerequisites .Net framework, Windows Management Shell, MMC 3.0 to be installed
  • Two networks cards

30. What are the options available in Edge transport Server to configure?
  • Anti Spam / Anti Virus
  • Transport Rules and Accepted Domain
  • Address Rewriting

31. What is Edge Sync in Exchange Server 2007?
Edge Sync – it’s a one way replication from Hub Transport Server to Edge Transport Server, while Edge Sync happens the recipient configuration will be replicated from Active Directory to ADAM in Edge Transport Server

32. What is Address Rewriting?
Address Rewriting Agent runs in Edge Transport Server. The main purpose of Edge Transport Server is to rewrite the Address the address to some other address. This plays an important role, consider if there are 5 Sub domain inside a forest and the entire sub domain want send mail outside with a unique address space.

33. What happen if mails come into exchange server?
Once the mail comes into the exchange server it writes the mails as transactional logs and also the same in system memory simultaneously. What the transactional log will do in the sense, it will hold the mails for a while until the mailbox database is freed up. The transactional logs are 1 MB in size and if the mail comes with size of 5 MB, the transaction log will first write the 1Mb log and creates a another transactional log, it will write the log files until the mails have completed.

34. Suggest a good Storage solution for Exchange Server?
Operating System: System files to be backed up. RAID 0 or RAID1
Database Files: if we move the database to different disk and if you are making backup the transactional logs will be added into the Backup. Provides better recoverability, RAID5 (Stripe set with Parity)
Transactional Log Files: in order to handle load, it’s good to have Transactional log files in different disk. If both the log file and database file are in same disk, increase performance and reliability. RAID1 (Mirroring)

35. What are the preparation switches used in while installing exchange Server 2007? Why?
  • /prepare legacy exchange permissions – when we are having exchange 2000 or 2003 in our existing environment
  • /prepare schema – this will add various objects and attributes related to that object
  • /prepare AD – prepare the current domain and prepare a universal security group for the new exchange 2007 installation
  • /prepare domain “domain name”– only in the domain on the remote sites, or in the different domain going to have Exchange Server 2007

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Exchange Server 2007 Interview Questions & Answers

Microsoft Exchange Server 2007 Interview Questions & Answers

1. What are the same between Exchange Server 2000/2003 and Exchange Server 2007?

  • Core infrastructure of Exchange Server 2000/2003 versus Exchange Server 2007 is same, both are using the same JET EDB database as the database store.
  • Exchange Server 2007 still has the concept of a Mailbox Server where EDBs are stored: Storage Groups remain the same where databases are created.
  • Users can use the Microsoft Outlook client and can access Exchange using OWA.
  • Exchange Server 2007 still uses the VSS Backup application programming interface (API) to freeze the state of the Exchange database to perform a backup of the Exchange database.
2. What's missing in Exchange Server 2007, that was in previous versions? 

  • The STM database introduced in Exchange Server 2000 has been removed, Microsoft incorporated the streaming database into a new single EDB database file.
  • From administration point, Administrative Group and Routing Group introduced in Exchange Server 2000 have removed.
  • Microsoft noted that Public Folder is deemphasized in Exchange Server 2007. Not completely removed. Replaced by SharePoint Server 2007.
  • New Exchange Administration Tool.
  • Exchange Scripting Language.
  • Removal of Front-End and Bridgehead Servers with new server roles.
  • Runs on x64 bit platform.
3. What's new in Exchange Management Console?
EMC looks similar to Exchange Server Manager ; Exchange Server 2007 now organizes objects as a whole. Administrator can see all users, all servers, and all resources in the Exchange organization in a single view. The Exchange Administrator can regroup users, computers, and resources into smaller delegation groups.

4. What are the security features introduced in Exchange Server 2007?
  • Edge Transport Server – placed on the Edge of the Network replaced the Frontend server, functionalities includes virus and spam blocking, perform antivirus and anti spam filtering, and route the messages internal to the organization.
  • Hub Transport Server – replaced the bridgehead server act as a policy compliance server,
  • TLS – includes server to server Transport Layer Security for server – server message transport with a secured manner. It’s an Encryption technology.
  • Encryption – by default Exchange 2007 encrypts the content between exchange server 2007 and outlook 2007 client. Provides full support for certificate based PKI.
5. Name the reliable and recoverable features in Exchange server 2007?
Exchange 2007 holds to copies of user information in the network with the help of reliable and recoverability features introduced.
  • Local Continuous Replication – Two copies of user information in another drive (same server)
  • Cluster continuous Replication – holds the replication of information across the server
  • Single Copy Cluster – configured in SAN, DAS, and ISCSI etc. NAS not supported
  • Snapshot Backup – supported by third party vendors
6. What is Exchange Management Shell?
It is a command line utility introduced in Exchange server 2007, which provides an administrator the ability to configure, administer, and manage an Exchange 2007 server environment using text commands instead of solely a graphical user interface (GUI).

7. Name the Exchange server 2007 Roles?
  • Edge Transport Server Role – Function as firewall, providing Anti Spam and Anti virus protection for Exchange
  • Hub Transport Server Role – replaced the bridgehead server, handles message routing
  • Client Access Server Role – introduced newly, handles the client connection, function as Front end Server
  • Mailbox Server Role – replaced the Backend server, holds the mailboxes and Public Folder Database
  • Unified Messaging Server Role – messaging solution for mobile devices, OVA etc

8. Explain Edge Transport Role?
The Edge Transport Server Role is to transfer mails from inside of your organization to the outside world. This role installed on the edge of your network (perimeter Network). Main purpose is to prevent your exchange server from all kinds of Attack. Must have ports 25 (SMTP) and 50636 (LDAPS) open from it to the hub transport server on the internal LAN.  Port 25 is to send mail in.  Port 50636 is to replicate the Exchange information that it needs, such as changes to users’ safe and blocked senders lists

9. Explain Hub Transport Role?
The Main Purpose of the Hub Transport Server Role is to transfer the mails throughout you exchange, This server role is responsible for internal mail flow, This Server role replace the bridge head servers of Exchange server 2003. This can be used as an edge transport server in Smaller Organization. This must be the first role installed in Exchange 2007.  You can install the client access server role and the mailbox server role at the same time as the hub transport role, but not before.

10. Explain Client Access Server Role?
The role that handles client requests for OWA, Outlook Anywhere, ActiveSync, OVA and offline address book distribution. This role must be installed after the hub transport role and before the mailbox server role.  You can install the mailbox server role at the same time as the client access role, but not before.


11. Explain Mailbox Server Role?
Mailbox Server holds the Mailbox database and Public folder databases for your organization. It only retains the mailbox and it won’t transfer your mails. Transferring mails between your mailbox server are handled by Hub Transport servers. The mailbox server roles will be introduced only after the installation of Hub Transport Server and Client Access Server Roles. If we are installing Mailbox server with the clustering options Like CCR, SCC, or SCR, then no other server roles to be installed with this server role.

12. Explain Unified Messaging Server Role?
Functions as the interface point for the VOIP gateway or IP-PBX phone system. This Role uses the user mailboxes to be the single point for storage and access of voice mail and fax messages, in addition to their normal email.

13. Difference between Standard and Enterprise edition of Exchange server
If we choose Enterprise Edition, We can have
Exchange Server 2007
50 storage group / 5 Database in single storage group – Maximum of 50 Database, Recommended having 1 database per storage group

Exchange Server 2003
4 Storage Groups / 5 Database in single Storage group – Mailbox database and Public Folder Database can be combined

If we choose Standard Edition, We can have
Exchange Server 2007
5 storage group / 5 Database in single storage group – Maximum of 50 Database, Recommended having 1 database per storage group

Exchange Server 2003
1 storage group / 2 Database (Mailbox & public folder database) in single storage group – In which contain 1 Mailbox Database and 1 Public Folder Database

14. What are the supportable client connections available in Client Access Server?
  • Outlook Web Access (OWA)
  • Exchange ActiveSync
  • Outlook Anywhere (formerly RPC over HTTP)
  • Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3)
  • Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP4)

15. What are the two special services available in CAS?
Auto discover service—The Auto discover service allows clients to determine their Synchronization settings (such as Mailbox server and so on) by entering in their SMTP address and their credentials. It is supported across standard OWA connections.
Availability service—The Availability service is the replacement for Free/Busy functionality in Exchange 2000/2003. It is responsible for making a user’s calendar availability visible to other users making meeting requests.

16. What is OWA?
OWA is to access the mail via browser from outside the corporate network. The Outlook Web Access (OWA) client is now nearly indistinguishable from the full Outlook client. The one major component missing is offline capability, but nearly every other Outlook functionality is part of OWA.

17. What is Exchange Active sync?
ActiveSync provides for synchronized access to email from a handheld device, such as a Pocket PC or other Windows Mobile device. It allows for real-time send and receives functionality to and from the handheld, through the use of push technology.

18. What is Outlook Anywhere?
Outlook Anywhere (previously known as RPC over HTTP) is a method by which a full Outlook client can dynamically send and receive messages directly from an Exchange server over an HTTP or Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) web connection. This allows for virtual private network (VPN)–free access to Exchange data, over a secured HTTPS connection.

19. What is POP3?
The Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3) is a legacy protocol that is supported in Exchange 2007. POP3 enables simple retrieval of mail data via applications that use the POP3 protocol. Mail messages, however, cannot be sent with POP3 and must use the SMTP engine in Exchange. By default, POP3 is not turned on and must be explicitly activated.

20. What is IMAP4?

Legacy Interactive Mail Access Protocol (IMAP) access to Exchange is also available, which can enable an Exchange server to be accessed via IMAP applications, such as some UNIX mail clients. As with the POP3 protocol, IMAP support must be explicitly turned on.


Wednesday, November 20, 2013

राजस्थान सामान्य ज्ञान ( Rajasthan Current General Knowledge) | राजस्थान सामान्य ज्ञान ( Rajasthan Current General Knowledge in Hindi)

करंट राजस्थान सामान्य ज्ञान (Current Rajasthan GK - II)

1. भरतेश्वेर बाहुबलि घोर (1168 ई.) राजस्थानी भाषा का सबसे प्राचीन जैन ग्रन्थ है, जिसमें भरतेश्वर और बाहुबलि के बीच हुए घोर युद्ध का वर्णन है। इसके लेखक कौन थे ? 
·                     जिनदत्त सूरि
·                     ✓​ ब्रजसेन सूरि
·                     पल्हण
·                     विजयसेन सूरि

2. 15वीं शताब्दी के अध्ययन का यह ग्रन्थ प्रमुख साधन है। इसमें वास्तुकला का वर्णन है और यह कुम्भा के प्रमुख शिल्पी मंडन द्वारा लिखा गया था। कौन सा ग्रन्थ है ? 


·                     अमर सार
·                     राज रत्नाकर
·                     प्रबंध चिंतामणि
·                     ✓​ राज वल्लभ

3. पृथ्वीराज राठौड़ किस भाषा में रचनाएं लिखते थे ?


·                     पिंगल
·                     फारसी
·                     ✓​ डिंगल
·                     संस्कृत

4. जब उन्हें लगा कि राजस्थानी वीरों को विद्रोह के लिए उकसाना एक बुझे दीपक में तेल डालने जैसा कार्य है, उन्होंने 700 दोहों की जगह 288 दोहे लिखकर ग्रन्थ अधूरा छोड़ दिया। कौन थे ? 


·                     चंडीदान
·                     केशवदास
·                     ✓​ सूर्यमल्ल मिश्रण
·                     केसरीसिंह बारहठ

5. हरियाणा की सीमा से जुड़ा जिला नहीं है? 


·                     हनुमानगढ़
·                     ✓​ बीकानेर
·                     सीकर
·                     जयपुर

6. जयपुर की अनुकृति (नकल) पर बसे इस छोटे शहर का किला स्थल दुर्ग है। चारों ओर 20 फीट चौड़ी तथा 30 फीट गहरी खाई है। कौनसा शहर है ? 


·                     ✓​ माधोराजपुरा
·                     चौमूं
·                     नीम का थाना
·                     सांगानेर

7. वर्तमान में इस किले के ध्वंसा शेष, रावण दैहरा, के नाम से जाने जाते हैं। किसी जमाने में यह बाला दुर्ग के नाम से प्रसिद्ध था। 


·                     गागरोण दुर्ग
·                     भटनेर दुर्ग
·                     नाहरगढ़
·                     ✓​ अलवर का किला

8. 84 खम्भों पर स्थित इस वैष्णव मन्दिर पर स्थित शिला लेख में प्रतिहारों की वंशावली उत्कीर्ण की हुई है। श्री कृष्ण का यहां ननिहाल था और तब इस नगर को ब्रह्मपुर कहते थे। कहां का मन्दिर, कौनसा नगर ? 


·                     डीग
·                     ✓​ कामां
·                     बैर
·                     बयाना

9. यह महल मात्र एक खम्भे पर खड़ा होने से ‘एक खम्भा महल’ कहलाया था। एक खम्भा और उस पर तीन मंजिला महल। इस आश्चर्यजनक रचना को कहां देखा जा सकता है ? 


·                     बूंदी
·                     आमेर
·                     ✓​ मंडोर
·                     चित्तौड़

10. अजबदे पंवार कौन थी ? 


·                     ✓​ महाराणा प्रताप की पत्नी
·                     पृथ्वीराज चौहान की मां
·                     स्वतंत्रता सेनानी
·                     मेवाड़ की संत

11. महिला शिक्षा के प्रसार के लिए समर्पित पद्मश्री मिस लूटर का कार्य क्षेत्र था। 


·                     उदयपुर
·                     ✓​ जयपुर
·                     जोधपुर
·                     अजमेर

12. पद्मभूषण और पत्रकारिता के स्तम्भ कहे जाने वाले पं. झावर मल्ल शर्मा का जन्म किस ज़िले में हुआ था ? 


·                     सीकर
·                     जयपुर
·                     कोटा
·                     ✓​ झुन्झुनु

13. इन्होंने ‘दबाव आयनीकरण’ का सिद्धान्त देकर अन्तरिक्ष भौतिकी को आंदोलित कर दिया। अपने यहां उदयपुर में जन्मे ये वैज्ञानिक विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान आयोग के अध्यक्ष भी रहे। ये पद्म विभूषण कौन थे? 


·                     ✓​ डॉ. दौलतसिंह कोठारी
·                     रामगोपाल विजय वर्गीय
·                     डॉ. नगेन्द्रसिंह
·                     डॉ. प्रमोद करण सेठी

14. आधी सदी तक वे शब्द चुनते रहे, लिखते रहे। दो लाख शब्दों का अभूतपूर्व ‘राजस्थानी भाषा का शब्द कोष’ रचने वाले इस शब्द पुरुष को राजस्थानी जुबान की मशाल भी कहा गया है। ये थे - 


·                     सूर्यमल्ल मिश्रण
·                     डॉ. एल. पी. टैस्सीटोरी
·                     ✓​ डॉ. सीताराम लालस
·                     प्रतापनारायण पुरोहित

15. भेड़ व ऊन प्रशिक्षण संस्थान कहां स्थित है ? 


·                     ब्यावर
·                     जोधपुर
·                     ✓​ जयपुर
·                     बीकानेर

16. तीन कथनों पर विचार कीजिये और सही उत्तर बताइये - 

(1) ऊन उत्पादन में राजस्थान देश में सबसे आगे है। 
(2) मांस उत्पादन में राजस्थान दूसरे स्थान पर है। 
(3) अण्डा उत्पादन में राजस्थान दूसरे स्थान पर है।


·                     सभी कथन सही है।
·                     केवल 1 और 3 सही है।
·                     ✓​ केवल 1 सही है।
·                     केवल 2 और 3 सही है।

17. ‘जर्सी’ गाय किस महाद्वीप से आई है ? 


·                     ✓​ अमेरिका
·                     योरोप
·                     अफ्रीका
·                     ऑस्ट्रेलिया

18. आसपास के निवासी इन्हें ‘सीता जी का मांडणा’ कहते हैं, परन्तु विषय के जानकार इन्हें प्राचीन शैल चित्र कहते हैं। इस स्थान पर ऐसे चित्र मिले है। 


·                     धौलपुर
·                     ✓​ अलनिया
·                     भरतपुर
·                     बैराठ

19. चित्र कला के लिए प्रसिद्ध संग्रहालय ‘सरस्वती भण्डार’ कहां है ?


·                     जोधपुर
·                     ✓​ उदयपुर
·                     बूंदी
·                     कोटा

20. वर्तमान राष्ट्रीय राजमार्ग 11 का लम्बा इतिहास रहा है। आगरा से मुल्तान को यही मार्ग जोड़ता था। कौनसा शहर इस मार्ग पर स्थित नहीं है? 


·                     ✓​ चुरू
·                     दौसा
·                     बीकानेर
·                     सीकर

21. गुजरात की सीमा से सबसे नजदीक जिला मुख्यालय है - 


·                     ✓​ डूंगरपुर
·                     जालोर
·                     उदयपुर
·                     सिरोही

22. कौनसी सम वर्षा रेखा राजस्थान को दो लगभग बराबर भागों में बाँटती है ? 


·                     70 सेमी
·                     40 सेमी
·                     ✓​ 50 सेमी
·                     60 सेमी

23. राजस्थान में वर्ष में सबसे अधिक दिनों तक वर्षा किस स्थान पर होती है ? 


·                     छबड़ा
·                     झालरापाटन
·                     ✓​ मा. आबू
·                     कुशलगढ़

24. पश्चिमी विक्षोभ से होने वाली मावट के लिए कौनसी स्थायी पवनें जिम्मेदार होती हैं ? 


·                     उत्तर पश्चिमी पवनें
·                     उत्तर पूर्वी व्यापारिक पवनें
·                     ✓​ दक्षिण पश्चिमी पवनें
·                     दक्षिणी पूर्वी व्यापारिक पवनें
पश्चिमी विक्षोभ या वेस्टर्न डिस्टर्बन्स (Western Disturbance) भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप के उत्तरी इलाक़ों में सर्दियों के मौसम में आने वाले ऐसे तूफ़ान को कहते हैं जो वायुमंडल की ऊँची तहों में भूमध्य सागर, अन्ध महासागर और कुछ हद तक कैस्पियन सागर से नमी लाकर उसे अचानक वर्षा और बर्फ़ के रूप में उत्तर भारत, पाकिस्तान व नेपाल पर गिरा देता है।

इनका वहन पछुआ पवनों द्धारा होता है। ये दोनों गोलाद्धों में उपोष्ण उच्च वायुदाब(३० डीग्री से ३५ डीग्री) कटिबन्धों से उपध्रुवीय निम्न वायुदाब (६० डीग्री से ६५ डीग्री ) कटिबन्धों की ओर चलने वाली स्थायी पवन हैं । इनकी पश्चमी दिशा के कारण इन्हे पछुवा पवन कहते हैं ।

पृथ्वी के दोनों गोलार्धो में उपोष्ण उच्च वायु दाब कटिबंधो से उपध्रुवीय निम्न वायुदाब कटीबंधो की ओर बहने वाली स्थायी हवाओ को इनकी पश्चिम दिशा के कारण पछुआ पवन कहा जाता है| उत्तरी गोलार्ध में ये दक्षिण-पश्चिम से उत्तर -पूर्व की ओर तथा दक्षिणी गोलार्ध में उत्तर - पश्चिम से दक्षिण-पूर्व की ओर बहती है| 

25. राज्य में वाष्पोत्सर्जन की सबसे कम दर यहां है। 


·                     चुरू
·                     झालावाड़
·                     ✓​ बाँसवाड़ा
.                     जैसलमेर